Application Cases

Experiment Name: Filtering Performance of Integrated Filter Capacitors

Test Equipment: ATA-2031 high-voltage amplifier, Function generator, Oscilloscope, Integrated capacitors, etc.

Experimental Process:
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests were conducted under conditions of 10⁵–1 Hz with an amplitude of 5 mV. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) tests on the integrated capacitors were performed using a Keithley digital source meter. In AC line filtering tests, all input signals were provided by an arbitrary function generator, and all outputs were recorded using an oscilloscope. For the AC line filtering tests of the integrated capacitors, the input signals were amplified by the ATA-2031 high-voltage amplifier (Aigtek). All electrochemical and filtering tests were performed at ambient room temperature.

Experimental Results:

Figure 1: Electrochemical performance of the integrated unit:
(a) Optical photograph of the integrated unit and schematic diagram of the unit structure, thickness test;
(b) CV curves of different numbers of PEDOT@KB-SC units connected in series (scan rate: 100 V s⁻¹);
(c) Phase angle vs. frequency plot for different numbers of PEDOT@KB-SC units connected in series;
AC line filtering performance of 10 serially connected PEDOT@KB-SC units:
(e) Sinusoidal waveform;
(f) Trapezoidal waveform;
(g) Circular waveform;
(h) Heart-shaped waveform;
(i) Circular waveform;
(j) Diamond-shaped waveform;
(Frequency of waveforms in e-j: 60 Hz)

The high-voltage integration engineering of PKHNs-MSC units also provides a multifunctional solution for practical applications. As shown in Figure 1a, the in-plane assembled AC line filtering device can be constructed using conductive graphite foil as the current collector and wires, employing a sandwich structure layer-by-layer stacking method to connect the PKHNs-MSC units, and sealing the stacked units with PDMS. The thickness of the obtained 10-unit integrated device is 0.533 mm, which is much smaller than that of commercial AECs (100 V, 47 μF), indicating significant development potential. After connecting 10 units in series, as shown in Figure 1b, a quasi-rectangular CV curve with an electrochemical window of 10 V was obtained at a scan rate of 100 V s⁻¹. Although the integrated device exhibited increased resistance and decreased capacitance as the number of stacked units increased, their phase angles remained almost unchanged at 120 Hz (Figure 1c), and the 10-PKHNs-MSC device was capable of effective AC line filtering (Figure 1j), demonstrating its rapid frequency response performance even after integration. In summary, the filter capacitors in this work can simultaneously achieve a relatively wide frequency range and high voltage as needed without sacrificing their filtering performance. Therefore, PKHNs-MSCs hold great application potential in line-powered electronics and are expected to replace bulkier commercial aluminum electrolytic capacitors in AC line filtering applications.

Voltage Amplifier Recommendation: ATA-2031

Figure: ATA-2031 High-Voltage Amplifier Specifications

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